With the current urgency for green and renewable energies, photovoltaic (PV) technologies seem to be a partially good candidate for this transition. In the scope of the unending battle in improving photovoltaic efficiencies a better understanding of the photophysical processes in PV materials can lead to better device engineering. In collaboration with the LPI (Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL) I conducted a study of the charge carrier dynamics in 2D hybrid perovskites using different spectroscopic techniques such as femtosecond transient absorption and pump probe terahertz spectroscopy to understand the effect of increasing the size of the spacer within these types of samples. These samples show the characteristic signal of a short lived photoinduced stark effect which was assigned to a charge transfer exciton1. To conclude my talk, I will shortly introduce my thesis project. The subject is the use of Thermally Assisted Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) molecules to overcome the roll-off in organic continuous wave lasers.
- « The Impact of Spacer Size on Charge Transfer Excitons in Dion–Jacobson and Ruddlesden–Popper Layered Hybrid Perovskite » George C. Fish, Aaron T. Terpstra, Algirdas Dučinskas, Masaud Almalki, Loï C. Carbone, Lukas Pfeifer, Michael Grätzel, Jacques-E. Moser, and Jovana V. Milić. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2023 14 (27), 6248-6254
Contact: Loic Mager <mager@ipcms.unistra.fr>
Speaker : Simon Lenne (Magnetism and spintronics group, CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland)
Abstract : There is growing interest in discovering new materials with strong spin-orbit torque (SOT), leading to the study of a wider range of magnetic materials. The harmonic Hall method is a commonly used technique for SOT measurement. However, this method is unable to distinguish between the Nernst effect and SOT. To address this, I developed an extension of the harmonic Hall method which allows for the accurate separation of Nernst and SOT effects. By simultaneously recording and analysing both the longitudinal and transverse signals, this method enables clear and precise separation of the SOT and the anomalous Nernst signals. Furthermore, the numerical implementation of this method enables the study of samples with a more complex anisotropy, such as Mn2RuGa. This approach allows for efficient measurement of SOT, even when signals are small or dominated by the Nernst effect. As a result, a greater diversity of potential materials can be analysed with accuracy.
Contact: Jean Besbas: jean.besbas@ipcms.unistra.fr
Speaker: Emmanuel Fromager, lab. de Chimie Quantique (Unistra)
I will introduce in this presentation an in-principle-exact Born-Huang-based density functional theory of electrons and nuclei [1]. In this approach, the nuclear and (geometry-dependent) electronic densities are used as basic variables. The concept of Kohn-Sham molecule, where electrons interact with the nuclei but not among themselves, and from which both true physical densities can be recovered, in principle exactly, will be introduced within the present formalism.
An exact adiabatic connection formula will be derived and discussed for the Hartree-exchange correlation energy of the electrons within the molecule and, on that basis, a practical adiabatic density-functional approximation will be proposed.
[1] E. Fromager and B. Lasorne, arXiv:2312.15080 (2023)
Contact : Arnaud Gloppe (Arnaud.Gloppe@ipcms.unistra.fr) – Guillaume SCHULL (schull@unistra.fr)
Speaker : Dr. Thijs Stuyver (Chimie ParisTech, PSL)
Abstract :
Machine learning (ML) has had a significant impact on various subfields of science in recent years. Part of the reason for the success of ML is that it enables the generation of predictive models with only limited domain knowledge: usually, only minor modifications to a generic ML algorithm needs to be made to generate effective models for a specific application. That is of course under the condition that sufficient data is available, and then we usually mean hundreds of thousands or even millions of datapoints. In chemistry, there are several predictive tasks for which we have this abundancy of data, but for most specialized applications – particularly those related to chemical reactivity – we do not have this luxury.
In principle, computational chemistry offers a way out when limited experimental data is available, since it enables data generation in a cheap and easy-to-automate manner. In the first part of my talk, I will explore this approach in a bit more detail and focus specifically on an ML accelerated computational workflow to screen for promising bioorthogonal click reactions that I recently developed.
While quantum chemical simulations of reactivity tend to be relatively cheap compared to experimental characterizations, the cost of generating sufficient training data for a machine learning model still becomes prohibitive, fast. As such, in the second part of my talk I will discuss strategies to improve the data efficiency of ML-based computational workflows for reactivity prediction. Specifically, I will focus on models based on intermediate valence bond inspired representations, and demonstrate that these outperform conventional machine learning models by a wide margin for hydrogen atom transfer reactions in the low data regime.
References
- Casetti, N.; Alfonso-Ramos, J. E.; Coley, C. W.*; Stuyver, T.*, Combining Molecular Modeling and Machine learning for accelerated reaction screening and discovery, Chem. Eur. J. 2023, e202301957.
- Stuyver, T.*; Jorner, K.; Coley, C. W.*, Reaction profiles for quantum chemistry-computed [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, Sci. Data 2023, 10, 66.
- Stuyver, T.*; Coley, C. W.*, Machine learning‐guided computational screening of new candidate reactions with high bioorthogonal click potential, Chem. Eur. J. 2023, e202300387.
- Alfonso-Ramos, J.; Neeser, R.; Stuyver, T. Repurposing Quantum Chemical Descriptor Datasets for on-the-Fly Generation of Informative Reaction Representations: Application to Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions, ChemRxiv 2023, 10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-2n281.
Florence GAZEAU (MSC Med Lab and IVETh integrator , 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France)
Abstract : The clinical use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) will progressively become a reality in view of the number of ongoing clinical trials worldwide harnessing EV potency for tissue healing, resolution of inflammation (notably in Covid 19 patients), vaccination, drug delivery or cancer therapies, among others. EVs, encompassing a variety of cell shed nanoscale membrane vesicles (exosomes, ectosomes, microvesicles, OMV from bacteria…), are released by all cell types, either spontaneously or after induction, and circulate in all body fluids playing an active role in many physio- and pathological processes. EVs contribute to intercellular communication and immunomodulation via delivering bio-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that modify the recipient cells. Numerous biological effects of cell therapy rely on the cells’ secretome and, in particular on biomolecules contained in EVs, which are now studied as potential therapeutic agents to recapitulate a substantial part of the parental cell’s benefits, especially for stem cell-derived EVs. However the clinical translation of EV-based biotherapies face numerous challenges such as cost-effective large scale bioproduction compatible with a clinical use (GMP manufacturing), reproducibility from one batch to another and difficulties to isolate, characterize and identify the most potent nanosized subfractions from a complex and heterogeneous cell secretome. In addition, the technologies to engineer EVs in a pre-production or post-production step to convey specific proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and nanoparticles and improve or control their specific targeting and therapeutic activities are still in their infancy. In this presentation, we will present the breakthrough technologies for high throughput bioproduction, engineering and multimodal IA-assisted characterization of therapeutic stem cell-derived EVs, as well as EV delivery, that have been developed in our lab and led to the creation of two spin off. These technologies, based on multidisciplinary and physics-powered approaches (turbulence approach for high yield high throughput EV bioproduction and loading, EV delivery in a carrier gel, multimodal analysis tool box) are available for the industrial and academic partners on our innovation hub IVETh (https://iveth.u-paris.fr/) labelized as a national industrial integrator biotherapy-bioproduction in 2022
Speaker : Vikram Deshpande, University of Utah, USA
Abstract : Topological materials have burgeoned of late due to their implications for the fields of electronics, spintronics and quantum computing, among others. While their electronic properties are important in their own right, they can also couple in fascinating ways to the lattice. We have developed techniques to deform materials controllably and study their resulting electronic properties in-situ, while complementarily sensing the electronic ground state through the mechanical degree of freedom. In this talk, by way of introduction, I will first present purely electrical measurements on the prototypical topological material, the three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI), wherein we hybridize Dirac cones of 3D TI surfaces controllably to realize the quantum spin Hall effect in the ultrathin limit. Then I will present our recent results applying the above-mentioned mechanical techniques to two different topological materials, namely twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator (MTI) MnBi2Te4, respectively. We are able to tune the Hofstadter’s spectrum of non-magic angle TBG and induce magnetism in non-magnetic correlated insulating states of magic-angle TBG using isotropic strain, for example, and detect various magnetic states and measure magnetoelastic couplings in the case of MTIs. Our advances present unique routes to tuning and sensing the parameter space of these exciting materials.
Contact : Stéphane BERCIAUD (berciaud@unistra.fr)
Speaker : Amélie JUHIN (Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC). CNRS-Sorbonne Université)
Abstract : X-ray spectroscopies performed at synchrotron light sources, such as X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering are powerful tools to study complex materials, due to their chemical selectivity that allows disentangling the respective contributions of different atomic species. In this talk, I will show how the use of incident polarized x-rays (either linear or circular) can allow a deeper understanding of the electronic structure and reveal emergent properties, with a focus on remarkable magnetic nanomaterials: Single Molecule Magnets, bimagnetic nanoparticles, ferrofluids, ultra-thin nanowires. Moreover, I will illustrate how the combination of these spectroscopies with x-ray microscopy can provide valuable information with nanoscale spatial resolution, exemplified by recent results obtained on magnetotactic organisms.
Speaker : Benjamin Besga, ILM Lyon
Abstract : The aim of stochastic thermodynamics is to study small non-equilibrium systems subject to thermal fluctuations. Some results from this field will be illustrated using experiments carried out on opto-mechanical systems, mainly colloidal particles in an optical trap. Using non-equilibrium statistical physics will see how we can accelerate the natural dynamics of a system, shorten the mean first passage time on a target, or measure the forces acting on a non-equilibrium probe. Finally, we’ll ask how we can interrogate the quantum limit of these results by looking at the opto-mechanical coupling of a self assembled supercrystal of quantum dots in an optical trap.
On the program, small games during the aperitif: chips/beers/soft drinks. Then on the menu, knacks and potatoes salad and slightly longer games, ice cream and fruits for dessert. Veggie and vegan option will be proposed as well. Do not hesistate to bring your own favorite games with you and to make them us discover! In any case, a selection of boardgames will be at your disposal and we will take the time to explain you their rules. Happiness and friendliness will be the words of this event !
Participations fees are of 5 euros, or 3 euros if you are ADDEPT members (possibility to get the membership card during registration)
We are looking forward to playing with you!